I like to open Windows File System Explorer with “This PC” (the artist formerly known as both “My Computer” and “Computer”) selected, which gives me convenient access to my devices. In at least Windows 10, you can follow these instructions to place a shortcut to “My Computer” on the Windows Taskbar.
On the desktop, create a shortcut named My Computer with Target set to:
C:\Windows\explorer.exe "shell:MyComputerFolder"
You can select an icon for the shortcut, for example from C:\Windows\System32\imageres.dll.
Drag the shortcut onto the taskbar to copy it there.
Delete the copied shortcut from the desktop.
Unfortunately, this approach does not seem to support additional explorer.exe command line options or Windows shortcut keys. The default shortcut to open Windows Explorer is Windows+E, but that seems to open Quick Access by default.